Shorts notes on THYPHOID AND MALERIA

Typhoid

It is a infection disease caused by gram negative bacteria salmonella typhie.

Sign and symptoms

1.      Initially fever up to 104⁰F for about one week

2.      It is followed by rose coloured rashes lymph adenopathy abdominal pain,anorexia exhaustion,septicemia

3.      In chronic condition gastro intestinal ulcer and hypovolumic shock  may occur

4.      Liver to the liver or spleen.

                                                         Cause

 Bacteria infects the wall of illium and colon goes into the blood .Disease in to transmitted generally through the food or water but .it may also be spread by vomiting or saliva.

Diagnosis

1.Widal test.

2.Sensivity and culture test.

3.In case of ulcer X-Ray and USG are done.

Treatment

1.Ciprofloxacine/Ofloxacine etc.

2.In case of shock management of dehydration is done by fluid therapy.

3.To reduce the temperature cold sponging is done with antipyretics.

4.In cause ulcer or perforation surgery is done.

5.Typhoid vaccine may be used for prevention.

6.Hexamethasone may be given for shock.

MALARIA

Malaria is caused by protozoal parasite of plasmodium group or species .

there are five species of plasmodium which are common.

1.Plasmodium vivex

2.Plasmodium falcipherum.

3.Plasmodium malaria.

4.Plasmodium ovale.

5.Plasmodium knewlsi.

Route

1.Bite of female anopheleus mosqueto.

2.Blood transfusion.

3.Mother to foetus through placenta.

Patho-physiology

1.Parasite is transmitted from one person to other by the bite of mosquito having malaria infection.

2.Parasite travel through the liver and multiply rapidly.

3.After several days. Thousands of parasites flow back in to the blood and destroy the RBCs.

short

Sign And Symptoms

1.Appears 14 days after invasion.

2.Uncomplicated malaria has following stages every 2^nd day.

Stage.1.Cold[shivering.chills].

Stage.2.Hot[fever headache,rapid breathing,vomiting ,seizures in children]

Stage.3.Sweating[it is followed by normal tem.and fatigue

Severe Malaria

Severe malaria have following symptoms.

1.Fever with chills.

2.Impaired consciousness.

3.Seizures.

4.Deep breathing.

5.Respiratory disease.

6.Abnormal bleading.

7.Anaemia.

8.Jaundice.

9.Spenomegali.

10.Hepatomegali.

11.Malaria cerebri.

12.Comma.

Diagnosis

1.Rapid diagnostic test for parasite.

2.Microscopic test for parasite.

3.History of malaria in area.

Treatment

Medicine.

1.Chloroquine,Mephaloquine, Quinone,  Sulphadoxine,Arther Artenather.

2.Artipyroite, drugs and treatment of symptoms.

3.Parasite may be develop resistance to the previous drugs.

4.Sickle cell anaemia and thalacemia are boon for malaria having areas.

Bibiliograpy

Classroom notes/by Rahul sir

www.Painassit.com

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed